Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference Foxes are small to medium-sized, omnivorous mammals belonging to several genera of the family Canidae. They have a flattened skull, upright triangular ears, a pointed, slightly upturned snout, and a long bushy tail (or brush). a b Clark E. Adams (15 June 2012). Urban Wildlife Management, Second Edition. CRC Press. p.168. ISBN 978-1-4665-2127-8.

Valla F, Khalaily H, Samuelian N, Bocquentin F (2002) The Contribution of the Mallaha (Eynan) Excavations, 1996–2001. Bulletin du Centre de recherche français de Jérusalem 10: 17–90. Verhoeven M (2004) Beyond Boundaries: Nature, Culture, and a Holistic Approach to Domestication in the Levant. J World Prehist 18: 179–282. Kate, meanwhile, married a devout Spiritualist and continued to develop her medium powers, translating spirit messages in astonishing and unprecedented ways: communicating two messages simultaneously, writing one while speaking the other; transcribing messages in reverse script; utilizing blank cards upon which words seemed to spontaneously appear. During sessions with a wealthy banker, Charles Livermore, she summoned both the man’s deceased wife and the ghost of Benjamin Franklin, who announced his identity by writing his name on a card. Her business boomed during and after the Civil War, as increasing numbers of the bereaved found solace in Spiritualism. Prominent Spiritualist Emma Hardinge wrote that the war added two million new believers to the movement, and by the 1880s there were an estimated eight million Spiritualists in the United States and Europe. These new practitioners, seduced by the flamboyance of the Gilded Age, expected miracles—like Kate’s summoning of full-fledged apparitions—at every séance. It was wearying, both to the movement and to Kate herself, and she, too, began to drink. Davis SJM, Valla F (1978) Evidence for domestication of the dog 12,000 years ago in the Natufian of Israel. Nature 276: 608–610. The University of Cambridge-led team believes that the unprecedented case points to some sort of emotional attachment between human and fox. Their paper, published today, suggests that the fox may have been kept as a pet and was being buried to accompany its master, or mistress, to the afterlife.Some authors have suggested a white tip may assist with communication. In Sussex I observed one fox following another through quite dense vegetation in poor light; the one behind appearing to pay close attention to the brush tip of the one in front, which was conspicuous even to my poorly-adapted eyes. Many early authors and countrymen have also maintained that it was possible to sex a fox based on the tail tip; the white tip was indicative of a male. This is not the case and either sex can possess a white tag.

Jiménez, J.E.; Lucherini, M. & Novaro, A.J. (2008). " Pseudalopex fulvipes". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008 . Retrieved 30 September 2014. old-form url

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The island fox, though considered a near-threatened species throughout the world, is becoming increasingly endangered in its endemic environment of the California Channel Islands. [28] A population on an island is smaller than those on the mainland because of limited resources like space, food and shelter. [29] Island populations are therefore highly susceptible to external threats ranging from introduced predatory species and humans to extreme weather. [29] A major issue the species faces is their dwindling, limited habitat due to the cutting and burning of the unprotected forests. [32] Because of deforestation, the Darwin's fox habitat is shrinking, allowing for their competitor's ( chilla fox) preferred habitat of open space, to increase; the Darwin's fox, subsequently, is being outcompeted. [34] Another problem they face is their inability to fight off diseases transmitted by the increasing number of pet dogs. [32] To conserve these animals, researchers suggest the need for the forests that link the Nahuelbuta National Park to the coast of Chile and in turn Chiloé Island and its forests, to be protected. [34] They also suggest that other forests around Chile be examined to determine whether Darwin's foxes have previously existed there or can live there in the future, should the need to reintroduce the species to those areas arise. [34] And finally, the researchers advise for the creation of a captive breeding program, in Chile, because of the limited number of mature individuals in the wild. [34] Relationships with humans A red fox on the porch of a house Dead foxes in Carbunup The most affectionate foxes are bred in Novosibirsk". Redhotrussia. Archived from the original on January 18, 2013 . Retrieved 2014-04-08. a b c Kohlmann, Stephan G.; Schmidt, Gregory A.; Garcelon, David K. (10 April 2005). "A population viability analysis for the Island Fox on Santa Catalina Island, California". Ecological Modelling. 183 (1): 77–94. doi: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2004.07.022.