The Fujita scale and the Enhanced Fujita Scale rate tornadoes by damage caused. The Enhanced Fujita (EF) Scale was an update to the older Fujita scale, by expert elicitation, using engineered wind estimates and better damage descriptions. The EF Scale was designed so that a tornado rated on the Fujita scale would receive the same numerical rating, and was implemented starting in the United States in 2007. An EF0 tornado will probably damage trees but not substantial structures, whereas an EF5 tornado can rip buildings off their foundations leaving them bare and even deform large skyscrapers. The similar TORRO scale ranges from a T0 for extremely weak tornadoes to T11 for the most powerful known tornadoes. Doppler weather radar data, photogrammetry, and ground swirl patterns ( cycloidal marks) may also be analyzed to determine intensity and award a rating. [5] [69] [70] On May20, 2013, a large tornado of the highest category, EF5, ravaged Moore, Oklahoma. Research programs, including field projects such as the VORTEX projects (Verification of the Origins of Rotation in Tornadoes Experiment), deployment of TOTO (the TOtable Tornado Observatory), Doppler on Wheels (DOW), and dozens of other programs, hope to solve many questions that still plague meteorologists. [47] Universities, government agencies such as the National Severe Storms Laboratory, private-sector meteorologists, and the National Center for Atmospheric Research are some of the organizations very active in research; with various sources of funding, both private and public, a chief entity being the National Science Foundation. [112] [139] The pace of research is partly constrained by the number of observations that can be taken; gaps in information about the wind, pressure, and moisture content throughout the local atmosphere; and the computing power available for simulation. [140] I try to reach my dad through the veil to ask his advice, but he is silent. Samhain is still a ways off after all. But he’s always with me in my memories of him. In his stories. His stories tell me that I can get through this storm. That I can look at it with wonder and awe and see the quiet center. Piccioni, G.; etal. (2007-11-29). "South-polar features on Venus similar to those near the north pole". Nature. 450 (7170): 637–40. Bibcode: 2007Natur.450..637P. doi: 10.1038/nature06209. PMID 18046395. S2CID 4422507. Archived from the original on 2017-12-01 . Retrieved 2017-11-24. The 4:50 From Paddington . I read this for the #readmorechristie book challenge and #emmasbookishcorner challenge. The prompt for #emmasbookishcorner challenge was to read a book by Agatha Christie, and for #readmorechristie was to read one of her books featuring a female adventurer. I thought this one was perfect as you could consider there to be THREE female adventures in this book. The first is Mrs. McGillicuddy who witnessed the murder and tried to do something about it. The second is Jane Marple who heard about the murder from her friend, Mrs. McGillicuddy. And the third is Lucy Eyelesbarrow who Jane Marple enlists to help her find the body and solve the murder. I read this once (or twice) before and though I was fairly certain I remembered what happened it was still an enjoyable read. Definitely at least a 4 out of 5 star read.

Landsea, Chris; Goldenberg, Stan (2012-06-01). "A: Basic definitions". In Dorst, Neal (ed.). Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ). 4.5. Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. pp. A7: What is an extra-tropical cyclone?. Archived from the original on 2006-06-15.

be in the eye of the storm

An eye-like structure is often found in intensifying tropical cyclones. Similar to the eye seen in hurricanes or typhoons, it is a circular area at the circulation center of the storm in which convection is absent. These eye-like features are most normally found in intensifying tropical storms and hurricanes of Category 1 strength on the Saffir-Simpson scale. For example, an eye-like feature was found in Hurricane Beta when the storm had maximum wind speeds of only 80 km/h (50 mph), well below hurricane force. [26] The features are typically not visible on visible wavelengths or infrared wavelengths from space, although they are easily seen on microwave satellite imagery. [27] Their development at the middle levels of the atmosphere is similar to the formation of a complete eye, but the features might be horizontally displaced due to vertical wind shear. [28] [29] Hazards [ edit ] NASA's DC-8 research aircraft flying through the eyewall and into the eye However, a small portion of the built-up air, instead of flowing outward, flows inward towards the center of the storm. This causes air pressure to build even further, to the point where the weight of the air counteracts the strength of the updrafts in the center of the storm. Air begins to descend in the center of the storm, creating a mostly rain-free area–a newly formed eye. [12] Edwards, Roger (2008-07-18). "Rope Tornado". National Weather Service. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration . Retrieved 2007-02-28.

Kossin, James P.; McNoldy, Brian D.; Schubert, Wayne H. (2002). "Vortical swirls in hurricane eye clouds". Monthly Weather Review. 130 (12): 3144–3149. Bibcode: 2002MWRv..130.3144K. doi: 10.1175/1520-0493(2002)130<3144:VSIHEC>2.0.CO;2. S2CID 12079717. It's important to remember that these observations come from a limited number of survivors and storm chasers. Being inside the eye of a tornado is exceedingly dangerous and not something one should ever attempt. The sudden calm should not be mistaken for the end of the storm, as the deadly winds will resume as soon as the tornado's eye passes. Some tornadoes have only one main funnel cloud. Others have multiple small funnels that rotate around each other. There are even tornadoes that don’t have a funnel cloud at all. As long as winds are rotating in a tight circle all the way from the storm cloud down to the ground, it’s a tornado, even if atmospheric conditions haven’t condensed water vapor in the air into a visible funnel. Hawkins, Harry F.; Imbembo, Stephen M. (1976). "The structure of a Small, Intense Hurricane – Inez 1966". Monthly Weather Review. 104 (4): 418–442. Bibcode: 1976MWRv..104..418H. doi: 10.1175/1520-0493(1976)104<0418:TSOASI>2.0.CO;2.

Stay in touch

Brooks, Harold E. (2004). "On the Relationship of Tornado Path Length and Width to Intensity". Weather Forecast. 19 (2): 310–19. Bibcode: 2004WtFor..19..310B. doi: 10.1175/1520-0434(2004)019<0310:OTROTP>2.0.CO;2. Many aspects of this process remain a mystery. Scientists do not know why a ring of convection forms around the center of circulation instead of on top of it, or why the upper-level anticyclone ejects only a portion of the excess air above the storm. Many theories exist as to the exact process by which the eye forms: all that is known for sure is that the eye is necessary for tropical cyclones to achieve high wind speeds. [12]

Leeman, John R.; Schmitter, E. D. (April 2009). "Electric signals generated by tornados". Atmos. Res. 92 (2): 277–79. Bibcode: 2009AtmRe..92..277L. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosres.2008.10.029. Cappella, Chris (April 22, 2003). "Weather Basics: Subtropical storms". USA Today. Archived from the original on January 23, 2011 . Retrieved 2006-09-15. Also under study are the low-level mesocyclone and the stretching of low-level vorticity which tightens into a tornado, [87] in particular, what are the processes and what is the relationship of the environment and the convective storm. Intense tornadoes have been observed forming simultaneously with a mesocyclone aloft (rather than succeeding mesocyclogenesis) and some intense tornadoes have occurred without a mid-level mesocyclone. [134] If you're coming to Coles by car, why not take advantage of the 2 hours free parking at Sainsbury's Pioneer Square - just follow the signs for Pioneer Square as you drive into Bicester and park in the multi-storey car park above the supermarket. Come down the travelators, exit Sainsbury's, turn right and follow the pedestrianised walkway to Crown Walk and turn right - and Coles will be right in front of you. You don't need to shop in Sainsbury's to get the free parking! Where to Find Us Solar storms similar to tornadoes have been recorded, but it is unknown how closely related they are to their terrestrial counterparts. [141] Gallery

What types of damage can a tornado do?

US Department of Commerce, NOAA. "Supercell Structure and Dynamics". www.weather.gov . Retrieved 2022-06-03. Hall, Roy S. (2003). "Inside a Texas Tornado". Tornadoes. Greenhaven Press. pp.59–65. ISBN 0-7377-1473-5. The deadliest tornado in world history was the Daultipur-Salturia Tornado in Bangladesh on April 26, 1989, which killed approximately 1,300 people. [84] Bangladesh has had at least 19 tornadoes in its history that killed more than 100 people, almost half of the total in the rest of the world. [ citation needed] Tornado occurrence is highly dependent on the time of day, because of solar heating. [89] Worldwide, most tornadoes occur in the late afternoon, between 15:00 (3pm) and 19:00 (7pm) local time, with a peak near 17:00 (5pm). [90] [91] [92] [93] [94] Destructive tornadoes can occur at any time of day. The Gainesville Tornado of 1936, one of the deadliest tornadoes in history, occurred at 8:30am local time. [24]