Cebrián, Juan Luis (2 June 2014). "El Rey abdica: La utilidad de un rey | Política". EL PAÍS . Retrieved 10 June 2014. El rey Juan Carlos abandona España ante la "repercusión pública de ciertos acontecimientos pasados" en plena investigación sobre sus finanzas". elDiario (in Spanish). 3 August 2020 . Retrieved 3 August 2020. Felipe VI es el segundo beneficiario de la fundación que recibió los 100 millones de Arabia Saudí, según The Telegraph". eldiario.es. 14 March 2020.

Tomlinson, Richard (2 April 1993). "Obituary: Don Juan de Borbon". The Independent. London . Retrieved 10 June 2014.Miguel González (17 August 2020). "La Casa Real confirma que Juan Carlos I se trasladó el pasado día 3 a Emiratos Árabes Unidos". El País. Disposiciones Generales" (PDF) (in Spanish). Boletin Oficial del Estado. 2 June 2005 . Retrieved 8 January 2007. The coat of arms used as Prince of Spain which was virtually identical to the one later adopted when he became King, differed only that it featured the crown of heir to the throne, decorated with only four half-arches."

Pedro (9 December 2020). "La amenaza de la imputación obliga a Juan Carlos I a reconocer su fraude". eldiario.es. Jaime de Orleans-Borbón: El ingeniero en la sombra de los negocios de Juan Carlos I". Elcierre. 17 June 2020.Ben Quinn. "Spaniards in London echo calls for referendum on monarchy". The Guardian. London . Retrieved 10 June 2014. The King gave an annual speech to the nation on Christmas Eve and was, as King, the commander-in-chief of the Spanish armed forces. Govan, Fiona (14 April 2012). "King Juan Carlos of Spain operated on after 'elephant hunting' accident". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 11 January 2022. Kassam, Ashifa (4 August 2020). "Spain speculates over whereabouts of scandal-hit ex-king Juan Carlos". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077 . Retrieved 4 August 2020.

Newitt, Malyn (12 November 2019). The Braganzas. Reaktion Books, Limited. p.284. ISBN 978-1-78914-125-2. The Swiss bank internally hid the identity of the king emeritus in the millionaire account". Pledge Times. 27 November 2020. Martínez, Jorge (20 October 2021). "El excomisario Villarejo asegura que el CNI le dio hormonas femeninas al rey emérito para bajar su libido"[Former police commissioner Villarejo affirms that the CNI gave female hormones to the king emeritus to lower his sex drive]. Antena 3. Spain . Retrieved 12 April 2023. a b Minder, Raphael (15 April 2012). "Spanish King's Hip Surgery Follows Controversial Hunting Trip". The New York Times.

He had an intense education and was prepared to rule as a constitutional monarch. In 1883, he traveled to Italy, the United Kingdom, France and Germany, where he increased his knowledge of the modern civilization of his time. In 1883, 1886 and 1888, he ruled as Regent as his father was traveling in Europe, as had become traditional among the Portuguese constitutional kings. His father Luis I advised him to be modest and to study with focus. [ citation needed] Phil Davison (16 October 1992). "Juan Carlos lays to rest a haunting Spanish tragedy". The Independent. London . Retrieved 5 June 2014.