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Time in” involves quiet time together with the child, to allow the parent to calm the child down (if necessary) and then talk about the transgression. Depending on the child’s age, the child might sit on the parent’s lap or next to the parent. If the child is out of control, the parent should hold the child in a loving way until the child has self-regulated. The parent then should talk lovingly with the child about the offending behavior and explain how to behave better. Gershoff ET, & Font SA (2016). Corporal punishment in U.S. public schools: Prevalence, disparities in use, and status in state and federal policy. Social Policy Report, 30, 1–25. [ PMC free article] [ PubMed] [ Google Scholar]

Martin S. Spanking children: Just how Biblical is it?. Paper presented at the International Leaders in the Child and Non-Violence, Summit Conference III; Chicago, Illinois. 2007. [ Google Scholar] Gershoff, E. T., & Grogan-Kaylor, A. (2016). Spanking and child outcomes: Old controversies and new meta-analyses. Journal of Family Psychology, 30(4), 453–469. https://doi.org/10.1037/fam0000191 Model 2 included only those parents who primarily sought advice about child discipline from pediatricians. This Model had very similar results as the full sample model (Model 1). Except that positive expected outcomes of CP was no longer significant ( β= 0.09) and mattered less than in any other model ( β= 0.13-0.23). As with Model 1, perceived approval of professionals remained the strongest predictor of parents’ approval of CP. This last name is most frequently occurring in The Philippines, where it is held by 1,856 people, or 1 in 54,546. In The Philippines it is most numerous in: Northern Mindanao, where 29 percent reside, Central Visayas, where 27 percent reside and Davao Region, where 12 percent reside. Aside from The Philippines this surname occurs in 6 countries. It is also common in The United States, where 1 percent reside and England, where 0 percent reside. Caderao Last Name Statistics demography Irfan, S., & Cowburn, M. (2004). Disciplining, chastisement and physical child abuse: Perceptions and attitudes of the British Pakistani community. Journal of Muslim Affairs, 24, 89–98. https://doi.org/10.1080/136020042000212151

Gershoff ET, Sattler KMP, & Ansari A (2018). Strengthening causal estimates for links between spanking and children’s externalizing behavior problems. Psychological Science, 29, 110–120. 10.1177/0956797617729816 [ PMC free article] [ PubMed] [ CrossRef] [ Google Scholar] Shadish WR, Cook TD, & Campbell DT (2001). Experimental and quasi-experimental designs for generalized causal inference. New York, NY: Houghton Mifflin. [ Google Scholar]

Parents and the general public should be educated about the body of research indicating physical punishment is ineffective and may be harmful to children. Professional associations such as the American Academy of Pediatrics (1998, 2014), the National Association of Pediatric Nurse Practitioners (2011), the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (2012), and the American Professional Society on the Abuse of Children (2016) have all issued policy statements both urging parents to avoid using physical punishment and directing professionals who work with parents to advise them to discipline their children with nonphysical techniques. Uncertainty about the best alternative to corporal punishment presents parents with an important question about how they should discipline their children.” The evidence is clear: corporal punishment is ineffective, outdated, and sometimes counterproductive for child development. Yet removing it from parents’ repertoire of child discipline will not be easy. Its entrenched nature is particularly apparent in the United States, where some 65% of adult Americans still approve of using corporal punishment to discipline children—a number that has fallen only modestly over time. And approval of corporal punishment is the most reliable predictor of whether parents actually hit their children. Many parents don’t know corporal punishment disadvantages child development

References

Benjet C, & Kazdin AE (2003). Spanking children: The controversies, findings, and new directions. Clinical Psychology Review, 23, 197–224. 10.1016/S0272-7358(02)00206-4 [ PubMed] [ CrossRef] [ Google Scholar] Physical punishment is but one of many disciplinary techniques parents use and it occurs in the context of an overall parenting style. Parenting style is thought to be more influential than individual parenting behaviors and to serve as a moderator of them ( Darling & Steinberg, 1993). Some researchers have thus argued that a warm or positive parenting style may buffer against any negative effects of physical punishment ( Benjet & Kazdin, 2003). Hitting a child causes damage that may not be alleviated by cuddles and kisses – maternal warmth can actually make things worse Larzelere RE, Gunnoe ML, Roberts MW, & Ferguson CJ (2017). Children and parents deserve better parental discipline research: Critiquing the evidence for exclusively “positive” parenting. Marriage & Family Review, 53, 24–35. 10.1080/01494929.2016.1145613 [ CrossRef] [ Google Scholar]