An herbal extract with apigenin (Saturin) also lowered blood sugar levels in rats and caused no adverse effects [ 37]. Bone Healing In a clinical trial on 40 women, apigenin cream increased skin density and elasticity while reducing wrinkle length. In cells, it reduced the damage caused by UV radiation [ 6]. Apigenin is an antioxidant compound that naturally occurs in plants. It can be found in fruits and vegetables, such as parsley, onions, oranges, tea, chamomile, wheat sprouts, and some seasonings. Outside of its biological effects, it is a yellow crystalline that is typically used to dye garments. apigenin AND (HT-29 OR HT29 OR HCT-116 OR HCT116 OR HRT-18 OR HRT18 OR Caco-2 OR Caco2 OR T84 OR SW480 OR SW620 OR Colo-320 OR Colo320)

Hepatoprotective Effect of Apigenin Against Liver Injury via the Non-canonical NF-κB Pathway In Vivo and In Vitro. SUPPORTS PROSTATE HEALTH: Apigenin (100mg per serving) is from pure chamomile extract that may help limit enzymes which negatively impact prostate health. This is important for keeping men healthy as they age. In a clinical trial on 72 people suffering from migraine without aura, a chamomile oil gel with 0.233 mg/g apigenin reduced pain and other migraine symptoms (nausea, and discomfort caused by light and sounds) [ 11]. Firstly, the results from Huh and colleagues ( 13) suggest that Apigenin stimulates hair growth via the downregulation of the TGF-beta1gene. Secondly, Apigenin may be effective at treating inflammatory skin conditions and has a natural UV-protective effect. Additionally, research has shown Apigenin to improve the skin’s extrinsic immunity ( 14). Improves Heart Health A database of 1,447 literature sources within the laboratory relating to flavonoid action in the gastrointestinal tract was used as the initial resource and to define best search parameters to capture all relevant articles relating to the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile of apigenin.

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The recommended dietary intake value for apigenin is not established. According to reports, apigenin intake from a regular daily diet doesn't reach the therapeutic doses used in clinical trials.

We are dedicated to providing the most scientifically valid, unbiased, and comprehensive information on any given topic. Safety is an important aspect of dietary components. In general, dietary plants containing flavonoids have not been associated with negative health impact, but they are rather considered to be beneficial. Apigenin is known for its low toxicity [ 9, 11, 43, 44]. Evidence has also shown that a flavonoid-rich diet is inversely associated with cancer risk [ 45– 50]. Therefore, the consumption of flavonoids has been assumed to be safe.In p53-mutant HT29 human colon adenocarcinoma cells, 90μmol/L of apigenin over 72h led to apoptosis in 24.92% of cells - as well as 2.6-fold and 3.7-fold increases in caspase-3 and caspase-8 mRNA expression, respectively, ( Zhang et al., 2009). The effects of apigenin on autophagy pathways in colorectal cancer cells is less clear. However, the presence of autophagosomes and the autophagy marker LC3-II were observed upon apigenin treatment in HCT116 human colon cancer cells ( Zhang et al., 2009). Apigenin’s effects on apoptosis and autophagy may be mediated by destabilizing a common pathway involving PI3K/Akt/mTOR–which is known to promote tumor cell survival ( Chen et al., 2019). Metabolism and Recycling of Apigenin and its Metabolites Testosterone is a hormone primarily generated in males’ testes. Low testosterone can affect sleep, mood, bone mass, and the size of testicles. It can also reduce sex drive and may lead to erectile dysfunction.

Purified forms of apigenin itself (CAS# 520–36–5) are however readily available for research purposes and could be upscaled for human ingestion following appropriate protocols. Purity levels of 95–98% are available from multiple suppliers globally, both sourced from natural products (citrus, chamomile) and synthetic. Naturally sourced apigenin is purified via chromatographic methods and produced in powder or recrystallized forms. Incorporation into capsules at a typical 97% purity level would not compromise feasibility and other than the capsule casing comprised of cellulose or gelatin, no other excipients (binding agents, lubricants, fillers, colors) would be required. Parenteral Delivery of Apigenin Although not justifiable in itself as a therapeutic strategy, the status of apigenin as an inhibitor of CYP1A2, CYP2C9 and CYP3A4 means that it may enhance rather than inhibit the action of certain cancer medications by altering their pharmacokinetics in a beneficial way. Apigenin can also improve the pharmacokinetic parameters of the chemotherapeutic agents docetaxel and paclitaxel–two microtubular depolymerization inhibitors with poor bioavailability ( Kumar et al., 2015). Co-administration of 10mg/kg of apigenin to adult male rats via oral gavage with 40mg/kg docetaxel significantly increased docetaxel C max (137%) and AUC (162%)–without affecting T 1/ 2 ( Teng et al., 2012). Co-administration of apigenin with paclitaxel led to the AUC, C max, MRT, and T 1/ 2 of paclitaxel increasing with apigenin in a concentration-dependent manner, likely due to both CYP3A4 and P-gp efflux pump inhibition in the intestines ( Kumar et al., 2015). These data suggest apigenin may enhance the bioavailability of taxanes–potentially requiring a lower dose of these chemotherapies for adequate clinical effect.From reducing anxiety to improving sleep, enhancing testosterone synthesis to preventing chronic diseases, apigenin has much to offer. In this article, we'll review the top eight benefits of apigenin based on scientific evidence. What is apigenin? In rats with an enlarged heart caused by high blood pressure, apigenin decreased blood pressure, heart weight, heart weight index, and free fatty acid levels [ 39]. Promoting Sleep