Nabeshima Naoshige (1538–1618) says similarly, that it is shameful for any man to die without having risked his life in battle, regardless of rank, and that " bushidō is in being crazy to die. Fifty or more could not kill one such a man. However, Naoshige also suggests that "everyone should personally know exertion as it is known in the lower classes". [61] a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Hosoda Haruko (December 6, 2011). "Samurai Spirit Still Animates Japan". Nippon. Archived from the original on November 11, 2018. The Religion of the Samurai (1913 original text), by Kaiten Nukariya, 2007 reprint by ELPN Press ISBN 0-9773400-7-4

Knights of Bushido: A Short History of Japanese War Crimes

Bushidō ( 武士道) is a Japanese word that literally means "warrior way". It is first attested in the 1616 work Kōyō Gunkan ( 甲陽軍鑑), a military chronicle recording the exploits of the Takeda clan. [17] The term is a compound of bushi ( 武士, "warrior", literally 'military + man'), a Chinese-derived word first attested in Japanese in 712 with the on'yomi (Sino-Japanese reading), and dō ( 道, 'road, way'). [17] [18] [19] In modern usage, bushi is often used as a synonym for samurai; [17] [18] [19] however, historical sources make it clear that bushi and samurai were distinct concepts, with the former referring to soldiers or warriors and the latter referring instead to a kind of hereditary nobility. [20] [21] Russell was the son of Richard Henry Langley Russell, second son of Edward Russell, 1st Baron Russell of Liverpool, and succeeded his grandfather to the title in 1920. He was educated at Liverpool College and St John's College, Cambridge (1913–1914). [1] Military service [ edit ] World War I [ edit ] a b c d e f g Uozumi Takashi (July 25, 2019). "Master Swordsman Miyamoto Musashi: The Man Behind The Book of Five Rings". Nippon.com. Archived from the original on March 5, 2020. The Record; The Trial of Adolf Eichmann for His Crimes Against the Jewish People and Against Humanity (1961)

The Hagakure contains many sayings attributed to Sengoku-period retainer Nabeshima Naoshige (1537–1619) regarding bushidō related philosophy early in the 18th century by Yamamoto Tsunetomo (1659–1719), a former retainer to Naoshige's grandson, Nabeshima Mitsushige. The Hagakure was compiled in the early 18th century, but was kept as a kind of "secret teaching" of the Nabeshima clan until the end of the Tokugawa bakufu (1867). [44] His saying, " I have found the way of the warrior is death", was a summation of the focus on honour and reputation over all else that bushidō codified. [75] This is occasionally misinterpreted that bushido is a code of death. The true meaning is by having a constant consciousness of death, people can achieve a state of freedom that transcends life and death, whereby " it is possible to perfectly fulfill one's calling as a warrior." [1] Discerning the difference between obsequiousness and politeness can be difficult for casual visitors to Japan, but for a true man, courtesy is rooted in benevolence: Courtesy and good manners have been noticed by every foreign tourist as distinctive Japanese traits. But Politeness should be the expression of a benevolent regard for the feelings of others; it’s a poor virtue if it’s motivated only by a fear of offending good taste. In its highest form Politeness approaches love. Bushidō expanded and formalized the earlier code of the samurai, and stressed sincerity, frugality, loyalty, mastery of martial arts, and honour to the death. Under the bushidō ideal, if a samurai failed to uphold his honor he could only regain it by performing seppuku (ritual suicide). [41] The core of bushido consists of a combination of teachings from Japan's three main philosophical traditions: 1. Buddhist precepts of serenity, stoicism, and non-attachment to life. 2. Shinto notions of fidelity and patriotism, and 3. Confucian morality. [11] People imbued with bushi katagi ( 武士気質, lit. "samurai spirit") can serenely carry out their work in the face of any adversity, and have the willpower to master themselves. [11] Taira Shigesuke, Daidōji Yūzan wrote Bushido Shoshinshu (武道初心集) (pre-1730) which provides practical and moral instructions for samurai to improve personal, social and professional standards. [4]

Knights of Bushido, First Edition - AbeBooks Knights of Bushido, First Edition - AbeBooks

Sand, Jordan (January 2019). "Tsujigiri: Mary Midgley's Misleading Essay, "Trying Out One's New Sword" ". {{ cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= ( help) Code of the Samurai: A Modern Translation of the Bushido Shoshinshu of Taira Shigesuke by Oscar Ratti, Thomas Cleary ISBN 0804831904, (September 15, 1999) Cleary, Thomas; Ratti, Oscar (15 September 1999). Code of the Samurai: A Modern Translation of the Bushido Shoshinshu of Taira Shigesuke. ISBN 0804831904. The world of warriors which developed […] in the medieval period (12th – 16th century) was […] placed under the domination of the Buddhist religion […]. Buddhism makes the prohibition of killing living beings one of its main principles. […] Faced with death, some samurai thought they had inherited bad karma […] others knew they were doing evil. The Buddhist notion of impermanence (Mujo) tended to express a certain meaning to the fragility of existence, […]. Beliefs in the pure land of Buddha Amida […] allowed some warriors to hope for an Amidist paradise […]. Zen Buddhism with its doctrine of the oneness between life and death was also appreciated by many samurai […]. The world of medieval warriors remained a universe still largely dominated by the supernatural, and the belief in particular, in the tormented souls of warriors fallen in combat (who) returned almost obsessively in the dreams of the living. This idea also ensured the success of the Noh theater. [ citation needed]

a b Lee Teng-hui (April 6, 2006). 「武士道」解題〔小学館文庫〕: ノーブレス・オブリージュとは ("Bushidō" kaidai: nōburesu oburīju to wa). Shogakukan (小学館). ASIN 4094057927. The first mention of the term bushido is in the scriptures Koyo Gunkan (甲陽軍鑑) from Takeda-ryū (martial arts school), written around 1616 by samurai Kōsaka Masanobu (1527–1578). [1] It consists of 20 scrolls that mention bushido over 30 times. [1] It contains the history of the Takeda family and their military tactics. [70] The Koyo Gunkan describes valor and exploits in battle. [1] For example, it is a waste of talent when a bushido practitioner takes on administrative roles in government or financial affairs (e.g. dealings in rice, money, timber, or forest land). It emphasizes that bushido lies only in "becoming as a spear" on the battlefield. [1] The scrolls were widely disseminated as a martial arts instruction manual by the samurai class and helped to popularize the term. [1] Shimabukuro, Masayuki; Pellman, Leonard (2007). Flashing Steel: Mastering Eishin-Ryu Swordsmanship, 2nd edition. Berkeley, CA: Blue Snake Books. p.2. ISBN 9781583941973. Russell followed up this work in 1958 with The Knights of Bushido: A Short History of Japanese War Crimes. Wert, Michael (2021-02-01). Samurai: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp.35, 84. ISBN 978-0-19-068510-2. OCLC 1202732830.